Throughout human history, the desire to communicate in secret has driven some of the most brilliant minds to create increasingly complex systems of hidden language. Generals encoded battle plans, ...

The theory that statesman and scientist Francis Bacon was the ghostwriter behind Shakespeare, and embedded the Bard's plays with ciphers, had a major influence on modern cryptography. William F.

In this WWII narrative that ranges from 1939 to 1945, Fleming (Crash from Outer Space) chronicles the experiences of 10 young women who, with “record players and teddy bears in tow,” took up top ...

1. Introduction -- 2. From Julius Caesar to simple substitution -- 3. Polyalphabetic systems -- 4. Jigsaw ciphers -- 5. Two-letter ciphers -- 6. Codes -- 7. Ciphers for spies -- 8. Producing random ...

On December 11, 2020, just one day after the publication of Codebreaking: A Practical Guide, its authors, Elonka Dunin and Klaus Schmeh, got some news from fellow codebreaker Dave Oranchak. “[He] said ...

Block ciphers are invertible symmetric key cryptographic algorithms. Here, symmetric means that the same cryptographic key is used to both encrypt and decrypt messages. The key is used to transform ...

IIIF provides researchers rich metadata and media viewing options for comparison of works across cultural heritage collections. Visit the IIIF page to learn more. Edward Hebern of California designed ...

Unplugged 6-page Cybersecurity Mini-Unit on symmetric/asymmetric encryption, frequency analysis, and ciphers. Includes student activity and 2-page answer key. Demystify data privacy and secret codes!